Clinical use
Therapeutic drug monitoring of Amphpoterocin B.
Background
Therapeutic drug monitoring is the measurement of specific drug concentrations in the blood at timed intervals, in order to maintain a relatively constant concentration of the medication in the circulation. Monitored drugs tend to have a narrow “therapeutic index” – the difference between the toxic and therapeutic doses of medications. For some drugs, maintaining this steady concentration in the blood cannot be achieved by simply giving a standard dose of medication to everyone. Each person will absorb, metabolise, utilise, and eliminate drugs at different rates based upon their age, general state of health, genetic makeup, and the influence of other medications that they are taking. These factors may change over time and vary from day to day or with various disease states.
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) aims to optimise individual dosage regimens, enabling the assessment of safety and efficacy of certain drugs. Current TDM approaches include measuring drug serum concentration together with appropriate medical interpretation.
Candidate drugs for TDM possess one or more of the following: narrow therapeutic range, high pharmacokinetic (PK) variability and a clear relationship between serum concentration and therapeutic response. TDM is also helpful for the drug optimisation in patients with renal, hepatic or gastrointestinal insufficiency.
Reference ranges
Monitoring of blood concentrations of amphotericin B during treatment is seldom indicated. The optimum serum concentrations of the drug for particular fungal infections have not been determined. Toxicity is assessed by monitoring renal function. Although amphotericin B is nephrotoxic, high blood concentrations do not lead to greater impairment of renal function, nor does renal failure result in higher blood concentrations (Mycology Reference Laboratory).
Patient preparation
Obtain Sample: Amphotericin: 1 to 2 hours post-dose
Specimen requirements
- Contact the laboratory before submitting samples for amphotericin B assays, as their measurement is not often indicated.
- Gold top serum separator tube should be used.
- Please supply 1 to 2 mL serum taken at the appropriate times and labelled accordingly.
- Guidance for monitoring is 1 to 2 hours post-dose.
Minimum volume
1mL of serum
Turnaround time
Not provided by the reference laboratory. This is a referred test to Mycology Reference Laboratory.
Analysing laboratory
UKHSA Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Infection Services, UKHSA South West Laboratory, Science, Quarter, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB
Additional information
Please visit the guidance page for the UKHSA Mycology Reference Laboratory for further information.